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Berlin School is a term used for a new movement in German films that has emerged in the early 21st century. The German term 'Berliner Schule' (German New Wave) has been applied to a number of intimate German films that received critical acknowledgement first in France. A circle of directors of penetrating, realistic studies of relationships and characters informally constitute the "Berlin School" of filmmaking. Among those directors are Christian Petzold, Christoph Hochhäusler and Angela Schanelec. == Definition == The older directors of ''Berliner Schule'' Christian Petzold, Thomas Arslan and Angela Schanelec started filmmaking in the beginning 1990s. In that time they started to develop the aesthetics of what is now called ''Berliner Schule''.〔(Cathy Rohnke: Die Schule, die keine ist – Reflektionen über die „Berliner Schule". Website des Goetheinstituts, abgerufen am 15. Januar 2012 )〕 In 1998 the directors Benjamin Heisenberg, Christoph Hochhäusler and Sebastian Kutzli found the film magazine ''Revolver'' in Munich. They published Interviews with certain directors and opened a new discourse about filmmaking aesthetics. In 2003 the film ''Milchwald'' (engl. ''This Very Moment'') by Christoph Hochhäusler was shown at the Berlinale. In 2004 the film ''Marseille'' by Angela Schanelec was shown at the Cannes Film Festival. Both films gained critical success by French film reviewers in Cahiers du cinéma and Le Monde. The French press called the phenomenon ''Nouvelle Vague Allemande'' while the German press and the German audience ignored it for the next years.〔(Marco Abel: ''Intensifying Life: The Cinema of 'Berlin School.'' In: ''Cineaste'' 33.4 (Fall 2008) )〕 Later they called it ''Berliner Schule''. This term works as a marketing label. But the films subsumed under that label are very diverse and versatile.〔 The majority of the ''Berliner Schule''-directors studied at the Deutsche Film- und Fernsehakademie Berlin (dffb) and got to know there each other. But the ''Berliner Schule'' is not a specific Berlin phenomenon. The directors Christoph Hochhäusler studied at the Hochschule für Fernsehen und Film in Munich. Henner Winckler and Ulrich Köhler studied at the Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg, Valeska Grisebach studied at the Filmacademy Vienna. Some of the directors work together (''Revolver''), some of them don't know each other personally or reject any ''Berlin School'' collectivism.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Berlin School (filmmaking)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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